Author: kara

Abstract There are currently three important connected major unanswered questions in physics and astrophysics. (1)  How can the theories of symmetry and the Higgs field be used to calculate the masses of the fundamental particles? (2)  How can dark matter be explained and described? (3)  How can dark energy be explained and described? A self-consistent… Continue reading MODEL 1-E THE SUPER PARTICLE AS A COSMIC RAY AND ITS CONNECTION TO DARK ENERGY

  Abstract Of the major unanswered questions in physics and astrophysics, three are arguably the most important. How can dark matter be explained and described? How can dark energy be explained and described? Is it possible to explain what happened before the big bang and what initiated it and what happened afterward? A five part… Continue reading MODEL 1-D THE RECYCLING UNIVERSE

   Abstract In a previous paper (Wald, Model 1-A), a self-consistent theory called Model 1 was developed to answer ten major connected questions in astrophysics. The most important of these questions are: How can dark matter be explained and described? How can dark energy be explained and described? How can the theories of symmetry and… Continue reading MODEL 1-C EXPLAINING THE DARK MATTER HALO

Abstract Of the major unanswered questions in physics and astrophysics, three are arguably the most important. How can the theories of symmetry and the Higgs field be used to identify the origin of the Higgs field and calculate the masses of the fundamental particles? How can dark matter be explained and described? How can dark… Continue reading MODEL 1B – THE ORIGIN AND OPERATION OF THE HIGGS FIELD

                                                           Abstract   There are currently three important connected major unanswered questions in physics and astrophysics. (1)  How can the theories of symmetry and the Higgs field… Continue reading Model 1A Mass and Function of the Standard Model Particles